General Information About Cancer

Types of Cancer, Symptoms, Risks & Prevention

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it’s far more common in women.

  • A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue
  • Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast
  • Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling
  • A newly inverted nipple
  • Peeling, scaling, crusting or flaking of the pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple (areola) or breast skin
  • Redness or pitting of the skin over your breast, like the skin of an orange
  • A personal history of breast conditions
  • A personal history of breast cancer
  • A family history of breast cancer
  • Inherited genes that increase cancer risk
  • Radiation exposure
  • Beginning your period at a younger age
  • Beginning menopause at an older age
  • Having your first child at an older age.
  • Women who give birth to their first child after age 30.
  • Having never been pregnant
  • Postmenopausal hormone therapy
    • Breast Self Exam (BSE) : Most often when breast cancer is detected because of symptoms (such as a lump in the breast), a woman discovers the symptom during usual activities such as bathing or dressing. Women should be familiar with how their breasts normally look and feel and should report any changes to a health care provider right away.
  • Eat healthy and nutritious food
  • Practice gentle exercises upon doctor’s advice
  • Visit doctor for regular examination
  • Preventive surgery may be recommended in women with high risk
  • To reduce the risk of developing cancer get the pre screening done

    • Lung Cancer

    Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. Your lungs are two spongy organs in your chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale.Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.

  • Chest pain that worsens when you breathe deeply, laugh, or a cough
  • Hoarseness
  • A lingering or worsening cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Loss of appetite and weight Loss
  • Coughing up phlegm or blood
  • Smoking
  • Radiation therapy
  • Asbestos and other heavy metals like cadmium, selenium, etc., can also increase risk
  • Family history of lung cancer
  • Quit smoking: Smoking is the common cause
  • Avoid passive smoking
  • Avoid carcinogens at work: stay away from harmful chemicals

    • Liver Cancer

    Liver cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the liver. Several types of cancer can form in the liver. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte). Other types of liver cancer, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, are much less common.
  • No particular signs and symptoms in the early stage
  • Progressive weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Stomach pain
  • Vomiting
  • Fatigue
  • Enlarged liver
  • Yellow discoloration of the skin
  • White stools
  • Abdominal distension due to fluid accumulation
  • Hepatitis B & C viruses infection
  • Cirrhosis
  • Heavy alcohol use
  • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Reduce consumption of alcohol
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Vaccination against hepatitis B
  • Avoid Hepatitis C by taking safety measures during sex, safe place for tattoo piercing, not injecting illegal drugs

    • Leukemia

    Leukemia is cancer of the body’s blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system.Many types of leukemia exist. Some forms of leukemia are more common in children. Other forms of leukemia occur mostly in adults. Leukemia usually involves the white blood cells. Your white blood cells are potent infection fighters — they normally grow and divide in an orderly way, as your body needs them. But in people with leukemia, the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of abnormal white blood cells, which don’t function properly.
  • Swollen lymph nodes especially in the neck and armpits
  • Experience pain in bones
  • Night sweats – excessive sweating, especially at Night
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Red spots on the skin
  • Bleeding and bruising easily
  • Fever or chills
  • Frequent infections
  • Mutations in the DNA are frequently a major cause.
  • Sometimes chromosome translocation can also promote activation of oncogenes (the cancer inducing genes) and this can lead to disease progression.
  • Exposure to certain chemicals and radiation can also induce cancer.
  • Quit smoking
  • Maintain a moderate weight
  • Avoid breathing in certain chemicals

    • Colorecteral Cancer

    Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or the rectum. These cancers can also be called colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending on where they start. Colon cancer and rectal cancer are often grouped together because they have many features in common.
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Blood in stool
  • Fatigue
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloating
  • Being overweight or obese
  • Not being physically active
  • Certain types of diets
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol use
  • Screening for people older than 50 years and those with a family history of colon cancer
  • Drinking alcohol in moderation
  • Healthy eating- fruits and vegetables
  • Quit smoking
  • Exercise regularly
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